In order to remove highly harmful impurity such as arsenic from drinking water, co-precipitation method is usually used in large scale water treatment plants.
But recently some simple and compact adsorbing processes have been adopted in small scale plants using activated alumina et al.
In this article newly developed arsenic removing and remaking processes by activated alumina are described together with an outline of co-precipitation method.
( by Kazuo HORINOUCHI, Toshio ASHITANI )

With the recent spectacular development of science and technology, the volume of information treated by human society has increased vastly. In this way, our today's information-intensive society is heavily dependent on the personal computer (PC) system, which deftly handles the blooding flux of information in the area of business and private life. Recently, a liquid crystal display (LCD), especially a color TFT-LCD is used widely as a display system for PC.
In this paper, we review the production methods and the features of a color filter which is one of the most important parts for color LCD's. Among the several production methods for color filters, we emphasize into the pigment disperse type color filters which are prevailing widely in various a pplications.
( by Hiromu KORI, Nobuya NII ZAKI, Toshihisa DEGUCHI, Yukio FUJII )

We investigated conditions of in vitro propagation of garlic cultivar 'Howaito-roppen' and established a production system of high-quality seed bulbs of garlic, which consists of meristem-tip culture, in vitro propagation of bulblets, cultivation of the bulblets in an insect-proof house, and selecting elite clones. The obtained conditions are as follows; (1) meristem-tips are cultured on LS medium with 1¦ÌM IAA + 1¦ÌM BA, (2) shoots are propagated on modified LS medium (56.5 mM KNO3 and 3.5 mM NH4Cl) with 5¦ÌM NAA and 10¦ÌM BA, (3) shoots are cold-treated at 5 degree C for 4 to 6 months, then cultured on LS medium with 9% sucrose for bulbing. Bulblets are planted into trays to grow nurseries, then transplanted into the insect-proof house. Bulbs with cloves were obtained with high efficiency through one year cultivation of bulblets. The garlic seed bulbs were cultivated in farmer's open fields, and re-infection of viruses was rarely found in an isolated field. High quality seed bulbs obtained through the production system showed 1.5 to 1.9 times higher yield compared to that of the common garlic.
( by Takayuki NAGAKUBO, Miyuki TAKAICHI, Kenji OEDA, Satoru NAGATA )

COLOR JUDGE is the Automated Spectro-Photometric Control System instrumental in controlling delicate hues and shades of colored products in process, where product color and its control is of vital importance. In many industrial process, visual inspection of products by experienced operators at final stage has been critical and it often has been found restrictive in raising overall production performance. COLOR JUDGE consists of advanced units and devices as well as the software of the latest version, and consequently offers sensitiveness comparable to visual inspection and assures constant and continued reliability.
Uniqueness of COLOR JUDGE lies in employing a spectro-photometer which has been developed and fabricated by MINOLTA specifically for the purpose of creating the system applicable to precise color control in various production lines. The high-sensitive spectro-photometer promises a great advantage of COLOR JUDGE over many other color judge systems which commonly use CCD camera as a sensor. Besides, color correction function, which is not feasible with most of existing systems has been added to the upgraded software of COLOR JUDGE.
( by Yuzuru TAKAHASHI, Takahisa SHINKAWA, Michinari NAKASE, Naoki KATO )

Under-coating and its effect on the printability of double-coated paper were studied. Five under-coated papers which were designed to have different coating structures were prepared and coated with same top-color. The printabilities such as inkset and printgloss of these double-coated papers were evaluated. The structures of under-coatings were analyzed and relation between the structure of under-coating and the printability of double-coated paper was discussed.
( by Yoshihiko HATTORI, Kenichi YAMAZAKI )

2,4-Dichloro-3-ethyl-6-nitrophenol (DCENP) is key intermediate for cyancoupler of photographic paper.
We developed and industrialized the new and more rational DCENP production process based on aqueous system.
( by Yasuhiko HORIKAWA, Masaya YAMASHITA, Kazutaka MORINO, Shin-ichi KOYAMA, Mitsuhiro WADA, Seiji MAKI )

Recent development of molecular genetics and transgenic technologies have provided us with the capability to selectively add or delete defined genes into living animals.
Transgenic animal models should advance toxicology, regulatory science and public health by applying more relevant methods for evaluating human risk.
Applications for transgenic mice in the field of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies are reviewed herein.
( by Satoshi UWAGAWA, Keisuke OZAKI, Toru YAMADA, Tokuo SUKATA )

Recently, due to the high performance of computer and developments of software, simulations with theoretical chemical methods become familiar to experimental chemists. This review describes a few examples of our theoretical approach on catalyst design for olefin polymerization. We introduced more realistic models and revealed the role of not only the substituents of ligands but also last inserted monomer for the detailed analysis of metallocene catalyst system and succeeded to get more precise information of insertion reaction. In near future, collaboration of experimental chemists and theo-retical chemists might lead the development of highly efficient catalyst.
( by Hiroshi KURIBAYASHI, Tatsuya MIYATAKE )

Defect control in manufacturing process for semiconductor is becoming more important as the scale of integration increase. SURFSCAN, OM, SEM and KLA are used for convenient tools of defect control. Recently many semiconductor makers adopt the defect inspection system of the KLA company which can rapidly and precisely detect the variety of defect on the wafer to increase the yield of their product.
We introduced KLA-2132 to improve our products and user supports.
Here we described the advantage of the defect inspection tool of KLA system, and the application of KLA-2132 to inspect the defect originated in lithography process, and materials for photoresist.
( by Yukio HANAMOTO, Takayuki MIYAGAWA, Yukoh TAKAHASHI )

In chemical plants, polymers play an important role as resistive materials in aggressive corrosion environments. When degradation of materials causes equipment to break down, it is very important to investigate the degradation mechanisms in order to take suit able countermeasures to prevent similar occurrences. The accumulated knowledge from such investigations will help increase the safety and reliability of the polymers used as plant materials.
This article describes investigations of the degradation of polymers used in chemical plant equipment.
( by Mikitoshi NAKADA )